Viewing posts categorised under: Uncategorised
LE TOUR DE FINANCE IS COMING TO ITALY
By Gareth Horsfall
This article is published on: 13th September 2013
Following the success of Le Tour de Finance in France, The Spectrum IFA Group, in collaboration with Currencies Direct, is proud to announce that Le Tour de Finance for expats will be arriving in Italy. On the 26th and 27th September 2013 Le Tour de Finance will be making its first appearances at the Circolo dei Forestieri, Bagni di Lucca and Ristorante Pomerancio, Umbertide, respectively. Le Tour de Finance brings professional experts in expat finance, in Italy, closer to you.
The following professionals will be speaking on the day:
- Currencies Direct
Talking about how to save money on currency transfers and making the transfer process easier.
- Studio Gaizo Picchioni, Cross border specialist commercialisti, Judith Ruddock
Discussing the latest changes in tax reporting and how it may affect you, and how to ensure that as a resident in Italy, you are ‘IN REGOLA’.
- The Spectrum IFA Group, Italy: Gareth Horsfall and Michael Lodhi (Group Chairman)
Why financial planning for expats in Italy is important to avoid pitfalls and traps that you may not otherwise know about, or see.
- QROPS. How UK pension holders can benefit from transferring their fund to a recognised overseas pension scheme.
- Studio Legale Metta, Nick Metta
The legal and administrative issues faced when making an Italian or foreign will, for an Italian property and foreign owned assets.
- Jupiter Asset Management, Rob Walker
Talking about the state of the world financial markets, economies and current government policies, how this may affect us all in the near future and how we can protect ourselves from the negative impacts of these decisions.
The events will commence at 10.30 and finish at 14.00 with welcome caffe and snacks on arrival, followed by brief presentations, a FREE buffet lunch and then time to ask questions of the experts and meet other like minded individuals.
Register for this FREE event by sending an email to info@spectrum-ifa.com or calling +39 3336492356
LIMITED AVAILABILITY.
Come and meet the Spectrum IFA Group on Le Tour de Finance this Autumn
By Spectrum IFA
This article is published on: 2nd September 2013
The Spectrum IFA Group are delighted to be taking part in 13 events in Italy, France and Spain during September and October.
These events are designed to bring financial and tax information to the English speaking expatriate communities around Europe. The idea is to give expatriates first hand access to financial experts varied areas of the financial world.
We will normally be talking about financial planning in each Country, Pension Transfers (QROPS) and changes in the local tax rules and how these impact expatriates.
Each seminar will include a speaker from a large, well know investment management house, this Autumn one of BlackRock, JP Morgan or Jupiter Asset Management will be attending. They will give their firm’s view of global markets and currencies.
Life Assurance companies SEB Life International, The Prudential along with Standard Bank International will participate at some of the events along with Foreign Currency Transfer specialists, Currencies Direct.
To find out which event is nearest to you and register, visit our seminar page.
If none are in your area use our contact page to get the information.
Gareth’s personal story of profit and loss
By Gareth Horsfall
This article is published on: 2nd September 2013
I am not sure when my interest in financial services, financial markets and investment, actually began. However, I think I can attribute it in some part to a time when my mother and father were investing in the famous UK clothing retailer, NEXT. I fondly recall the enthusiasm in our house when they purchased the shares for 9 pence, then quickly saw the price grow to 99p (before selling) and bagging a handsome profit in the process. I never knew how much they invested, but no matter, they must have made a reasonable profit. The fact that the shares then climbed to over £10 over the coming years was always a bone of contention, but that is just one of the risks of investing.
It was shortly after this that I decided to give investing a go myself and took advice from the family friend who advised my parents to buy shares in NEXT. I remember his ’stock pick’ to this day: Fulcrum Kitchens and Bathrooms. I charged in with both feet and purchased £350 worth of shares at 24p each. And then forgot about them. The next I knew I received a notice of the winding up of the company. The ordinary shareholders would receive zero after the sale. This was my first foray into the world of investing.
However, I wasn’t deterred. My next opportunity didn’t come until a few years later when my grandparents gifted £2000 each to my sister and I. This time I was less speculative and went along to the financial adviser at my bank at the time. He advised me to invest in a PEP (Personal Equity Plan) and place the money in a Balanced Managed fund. And then I forgot about it. It was some years before I would need the money (to clear some debts) and was surprised at the time to learn that the fund was now worth 50% more. An annual average return of 9%.
Years after this, when I had less money, after buying a house, I wanted to start investing again and so I started putting some money away into an ISA on a regular basis. And once again, I fell into one of the best known traps in the business. I thought I knew more than the experts. I invested my money in the tech boom shares around the year 2000. I don’t think this needs any explanation. I never recouped my losses, even years later, and I eventually switched the money into a highly speculative emerging market investment, which is where it remains today with the hope that one day it will regain its losses. This was another important lesson in my development to becoming a financial adviser.
Other factors also swayed my reasons for choosing this work and following my principles when dealing with people. My mother invested her life savings with a financial adviser who advised her, incorrectly, to invest her monies into technology shares around the year 2000. She suffered the same fate as me, but with more serious consequences given that she was a lot closer to retirement. I took over the management of her portfolio (at her request) a few years later. I decided then that people should benefit from what I did and that if I could not provide what a customer needed (in most cases, growth or income on their investments), then I should not be doing this work.
Experiences like these taught me a few lessons. Firstly, that well meaning friends can be detrimental to your wealth. That is not to say that they are always wrong, but quite often their advice can be skewed towards their own good and bad experiences and less towards a rational and objective view of an individual’s finances.
The second thing I learned was that I would only become a good financial adviser if I knew my work. I couldn’t expect to sit a few exams and be able to deliver good and safe advice for my customers. I had to understand my work, and so I committed to reading as much as I can. I still do so and, coupled with the experience I have acquired by investing through 2 of the worst stock market crashes in recent history, (2000 Tech boom and 2007/8 The Great recession), I feel I am better prepared to advise others who may not have access to the same information or experiences that I have.
Lastly, it was apparent that going to see a financial adviser was the wisest choice I made. I did not have complete control over these choices, but this turned out to be my best financial decision. So I can see the value in what I offer now, and see how I can be of use and real benefit to my customers
All in all, financial services are constantly changing. For expat finances, this is great news. The profession has changed for the better and serious professionals are filling the places of those who have left the industry or moved on. This has created an opportunity for me to deliver high quality financial advice to the Expat/English speaking market in Italy, a country which I have grown to love and where I wish to remain.
My aim is for the Spectrum IFA group to become the most trusted and recommended financial services group for Expats and the English speaking community throughout Italy.
If you would like to know more or speak with me, you can contact me on gareth.horsfall@spectrum-ifa.com, or call me on 0039 3336492356.
My UK will and living in France
By Amanda Johnson
This article is published on: 15th August 2013
Question: Is it true that even though I live in France, new legislation is coming which means I can use my UK will when I die and will pay less inheritance tax as a result?
From August 17th 2015 European law will allow British Nationals the option of electing to use their UK wills in France. The inheritance tax regimes for France & the UK are quite different and professional advice should be sought before deciding which option is going to be correct for you.
Under the UK system each person has £325,000 of tax allowances before paying death duties on their estate, whilst in France it is 100,000 Euros per child per parent. Clearly the more children you and your spouse have the greater the allowance before paying death duties in France. You also have the tax advantages in France of using an Assurance Vie, where you can leave additional money per beneficiary outside of your inheritance tax bill.
As you can see where you pay inheritance tax is not a straightforward decision and opting to use a UK will is not necessarily a good idea for everybody. Although the new regulation is still two years away, understanding how you can maximise your inheritance tax allowances now, coupled will an understanding of which regime will suit your personal circumstances better after August 2015 is a sensible idea and getting the right advice is very important.
I offer a free consultation in the privacy of your own home to discuss your circumstances and explain how to maximise your tax free allowances here in France.
It is very important to manage your money so that it works hard for you, after all you’ve worked hard to earn it and have already paid tax on it, so why would you choose for your loved ones to pay more than they need to when you are gone?
Property and inheritance tax increases in the Valencian Community
By John Hayward
This article is published on: 11th August 2013
As of 7th August 2013, the Valencian government has increased Stamp Duty (ITP – Impuesto de transmisiones patrimoniales) and Inheritance Tax (ISD – Impuesto sobre sucesiones y donaciones). The ITP is more obvious an increase as it will increase from 8% to 10%.
The ISD is a little more complicated. Up until this point, residents of the Valencian Community benefited from a 99% reduction on whatever the tax bill was. Therefore, very little was due. Now spouses, descendants and ascendants will have their personal allowances on receipt of benefits increased from €40,000 to €100,000. However, the reduction is being lowered to 75%.
Example. Property owned in joint names and deemed to be owned 50/50. Spouse dies leaving 50% to the surviving spouse. There is no inter-spouse exemption in Spain. Property valued at €400,000. €200,000 (50%) inherited. Deduct allowance of €100,000 which, based on current rates, leaves a tax bill of €12,415. Reduce this by 75% and the tax due will be €3,103*. This needs to be paid within 6 months of the death. Under the old system, the tax bill would have been based on €200,000 less €40,000 allowance. This would result in a tax bill of €23,141 which, although higher than the figure above, would then be reduced by 99%, leaving a tax bill of €231*. (* Subject to personal circumstances and specific assets)
As one can see, many tax residents on the Costa Blanca can look forward to sizeable tax increases. A concern is that bank accounts can be frozen on death which could mean the money to pay this tax might not be available within the 6 months stipulated. Simply becoming non-resident, which has been seen as a solution to the recent asset declaration ‘problem’, wouldn’t work here as the inheritance tax due for non-residents is even worse.
A solution could be to have money in a low risk insurance bond, recognised by Spain for tax purposes but not based in Spain and, importantly, not frozen on the death of a policyholder. Apart from being far more tax efficient than a bank account, it could provide the money at a time when there is plenty of other expense, as well as at a time when there is the human aspect of grief.
(Detailed Valencian and Castilian versions of the law can be found on the Valencian government’s website. Click here to view them.)
Get your nest egg working harder
By Charles Hutchinson
This article is published on: 1st August 2013
Returns from bank savings accounts are at an all-time low, and savers are becoming increasingly frustrated. Expatriate financial advice expert Charles Hutchinson, of the Spectrum IFA Group, explains how expats can get their ‘nest-egg’ working harder.
Most of us know by now that interest rates in the western world are at extremely low levels, with the Euro base rate at 0.75%. In the UK it is even lower, at 0.5%. While helps some people such as mortgage holders with tracker rates, savers are being punished as banks have continually cut the interest rates paid on savings accounts. Retirees drawing a pension, or looking to buy an annuity have also been hit hard in this low-interest rate environment.
Low Interest Rates Here to Stay
First, it doesn‘t look like this will change for quite some time yet. The prevailing policy of central banks has been to increase money supply (quantitative easing, also known as QE), maintain liquidity in the banking system and keep interest rates low. Even a slight increase in the base rate over the next couple of years is unlikely to result in decent interest rates on savings.
Second, inflation is running at around 2-3% depending on which part of Europe you live. It just feels like everything is getting more expensive, especially food and energy costs. The end result is that we are effectively losing money by leaving it in the bank!
Of course, we all need to leave some cash in the bank, as our emergency fund. Most financial planners would recommend that you leave at least 6 months income as your emergency fund.
It is the ‘nest egg’ money (the savings that we don’t really need in the short-term) that we can do something about.
How Can You Get Your Nest Egg Working Harder?
With the objective of ‘beating the bank‘ over the longer-term, a diversified portfolio of investments can be built. In plain English this means spreading your money across different types of ‘assets’ and not having ‘all of your eggs in one basket’. Assets primarily fall into one of the following categories; equities (shares in companies), fixed-interest bonds, property, cash or commodities.
Lifestyle Investing
You need to be clear about your ‘Risk Profile’. At Spectrum, we carry out a ‘Risk Profiler’ exercise which aims to establish the level of risk you are comfortable with and helps you understand the relationship between risk and reward. We then employ a forward-looking ‘Life-styling Process’ which means building a portfolio to match your own personal situation and objectives.
The eventual portfolio should therefore match your risk profile, usually measured from ‘cautious’ at the lower end of the scale, ‘balanced’ and then ‘adventurous’ at the higher end. The investment strategy should therefore be appropriate for your stage of life.
What assets to invest in
There are literally thousands of investments funds and vehicles to choose from. At Spectrum, we filter these by using strict criteria when choosing clients‘ investments. For example we only use;
- UCITS compliant, EU regulated funds, ensuring maximum client protection and highest levels of reporting.
- Daily priced funds, providing clients with daily liquidity, so that clients do not get ‚locked-in‘.
- Financially strong and secure investment houses.
- Funds which are highly rated by at least two independent research companies.
Multi-asset funds
Multi-asset funds are popular with clients as they are managed by experienced asset managers who, through active daily management, can offer access to all asset classes within a single fund. Their job is to capture capital growth while also protecting investors when markets suffer a downturn. Some fund managers have a great track record of doing this, for example Jupiter Asset Management’s Merlin International Balanced Portfolio, which has returned +35% (Euro share class) since launch in Sept 2008, with relatively low volatility.
Multi-asset funds can be used as a ‘core‘ holding within a portfolio, with more specialised and sector-focussed funds making up the rest of the portfolio.
Equities (shares)
Many blue-chip companies have very strong balance sheets and pay dividends of around 4%, which is higher than current interest rates. This dividend income can be re-invested into your capital (unless you need the income). The capital value of course will fluctuate but if you are investing for the longer-term you have time to ‘ride out‘ any volatility.
Equity funds can be global in nature, regionally specific (for example focussing on emerging market countries) or even country specific. Other types of equity funds focus on smaller ‘growth-orientated’ companies rather than those blue-chip, dividend paying stocks.
Ethical Investing
Ethical funds are also an interesting option. These are funds which only invest in ‘ethical’ companies. They are screened and assessed on criteria such as environment, military involvement or animal welfare.
Fixed-interest bonds
This includes government bonds and corporate bonds. Western government bonds were traditionally seen as ‘safe havens‘ however yields are now currently as low as cash. It may be wiser to look at corporate bonds, and these are categorised in terms of risk (higher-yielding bonds means higher capital risk). Emerging market bond funds (with exposure to local currencies) could also be considered.
May investors like to get exposure to bonds via a fund, which is a diversified mixture of bonds. One good option may be Kames Capital’s Strategic Bond Fund, with a return of +57% (Euro share class) since launch in Nov 2007.
Commodities
Commodity-focussed funds can be volatile and would normally make up only a small part of a portfolio. However there is potential for long-term growth by investing in companies with exposure to precious metals and resources (gold, silver, iron ore, copper) as well as other ‘soft’ commodities such as agricultural resources and the food sector.
Property
Collective property funds or property-related shares could also form a small part of your portfolio. Physical property by its nature is illiquid but by using a property fund you can obtain exposure to shares in property companies, keeping your money liquid.
Review Your Portfolio Regularly
It is vitally important that your portfolio is regularly reviewed. One reason why people do not get the most from their finances is the lack of regular attention paid to their arrangements. Consider using a regulated, independent adviser who should offer regular reviews as part of their ongoing service.
At Spectrum we have an in-house Portfolio Management team, who help advisers and clients monitor their portfolios regularly for performance and suitability. One aspect of our regular reviews is ‘profit-take alerts’; when one area of your portfolio has out-performed then why not take some profits? Investors can really benefit from such regular service.
Charles Hutchinson has been with The Spectrum IFA Group since inception and is one of the founding partners. He helps expats in Southern Spain with their financial planning. The Spectrum IFA Group is a pan-European group of independent financial advisers. Feel free to contact Charles at charles.hutchinson@spectrum-ifa.com or call him on 952797923
What is risk? – Precious Metals…
By Peter Brooke
This article is published on: 16th July 2013
In this series of articles we are considering the different TYPES of RISK we take when investing in different assets. This should help to build a portfolio in which we fully understand what risks each part of the portfolio expose us to.
All that shines. There are many very attractive metals and jewels and most of them are pretty good investments. There are also many different ways to invest in these sorts of assets and each of these has their own risk factors. When buying into metals it is very important to decide whether you are buying as a pure investment or as a useable investment as this will affect performance and risk.
The main ways to buy into metal and jewel prices are:
Direct – bullion, coins, jewellery etc. Even within this sector there is a huge range of choice. If you want pure investment then buy as close to the raw materials as you can… there are many different mints of coins but some are as collectables and some as investment.
Indirect – this is an exposure to the price of the underlying metal. Many people buy into precious metals via Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) but these are not ALL what they seem to be.
So what risks are you taking by investing in the shiny stuff?
Asset risk – as with all investable assets; if they are out of favour with the general market, then the price will fall and the value of your holding will too. Sometimes these movements are not based on the fundamentals of supply and demand and can be due to the global political or economic background (or normally both).
Theft/security risk – if you decide to buy directly then you must consider the security of your coins or bullion. This will normally come at a cost which must be taken into account from a cash flow and overall performance point of view. You probably don’t want to have $3000 worth of gold coins under your mattress (especially if you are living on a yacht).
Liquidity Risk – selling directly held coins can take time, normally if they are highly traded newly minted then liquidity should be good but collectable coins could take time to find a buyer, or suffer a price fall.
Fashion risk – collectable coins and jewelry come in out of fashion, which is not directly linked to the price of the material they are made from – be careful when selecting these sorts of investments, as they normally trade at a big discount or premium to the underlying material. #
ETF – real or synthetic – some ETFs actually buy the underlying commodity and hold it in trust for the investors in the ETF. If you sell your holding, generally, the ETF will sell the actual metal. Other ETFs use rolling forward contracts or other derivatives on the underlying commodity via an investment bank. This means that most of the time the price will move with the underlying metal price but not always and can over react big movements in the price. This was seen recently with the ‘paper’ gold price falling dramatically but the real gold price continued to trade above the paper price.
Counterparty risk – synthetic ETFs are collateralized by an investment bank, if this collateral is of low quality (and as we have seen this is very possible) then you may be taking risk that the bank cannot return your money if something goes wrong.
On the whole precious metals either directly held or indirectly (through a real ETF) are excellent additions to a portfolio for a small proportion. We have seen huge volatility in prices in the last couple of years and so it is important not to be over exposed to metals and to be aware of the above risks. Also, like all investments, have a strict profit taking discipline when the values look good.
This article is for information only and should not be considered as advice.
Make it work on a single salary BBC.com artcile
By Stuart Faires
This article is published on: 8th July 2013
Having one parent stay home is increasingly becoming a luxury
Having one parent stay home is increasingly becoming a luxury. Kate Ashford from BBC.com asks The Spectrum IFA Group how to plan for this lifestyle change.
To read the full article please click here
French U-turn on tax grab spells good news for expats
By Graham Keysell
This article is published on: 2nd July 2013
Expats in France can breathe a sigh of relief after the French government backed down on its tax grab on second homes.
From September 1, those owning a second home in the country for more than 22 years will have complete exemption from capital gains tax (CGT).
Graham Keysell comments in The Daily Telegraph personal finance section. Read more here
Give your investment portfolio the ‘Lip’ Service it deserves
By Spectrum IFA
This article is published on: 1st July 2013
During the last few months, I am finding more and more people, who have always considered that they are averse to investment risk, are prepared to take a little more risk.
Typically, these people would have kept their savings on bank deposit. However, due to the lack of any decent rate of interest being earned over recent years, they have found that their savings are no longer maintaining ‘real’ purchasing power. Even worse, if they are dependent upon supplementing other income (for example, pensions) from savings, in many cases their capital has been seriously reduced. Combine this with the general feeling that people now feel that their capital is less secure with a bank (particularly after the Cyprus issues), it is no surprise that they are seeking a different way of protecting their wealth.
One of the problems for those people who wish to change direction, however, is that they may have little understanding or knowledge about how to do this. So where do they begin?
Seeking professional advice is, of course, a good starting point. Investment professionals will usually build portfolios for their clients by using a concept known as ‘asset allocation’ investing. Subsequently, the portfolio is invested across a range of investment sectors, in varying proportions, with the objective of finding the best investment return for the least amount of risk, according to the investor’s objective (for example, income or capital growth).
In the past, it was not too difficult to find the right asset allocation because the correlation of assets classes – which can simply be explained as the direction of that one asset class (for example, equities) moves in relation to another (for example, fixed interest) – was well understood and had not changed for many years. It was often said that as equity markets went up, bond markets would go down! However,the world has changed and it is not as easy to predict what assets classes may do in the future. Diversification remains a key part of a good investment strategy and so asset allocation is still a very important part of putting together an investment portfolio. It is vital for improving long-term returns and reducing investment risk (volatility), however, it is no longer the ‘be all and end all’ of good investment management.
When people are saving, they usually have a particular objective in mind. Depending upon your timescale, this will impact upon the investment strategy to be implemented. Added to this is the need to take into account your own particular attitude to investment risk.
At The Spectrum IFA Group, we use a Lifestyle Investment Planning (LIP) approach. This takes into account the period over which you wish to reach your goal and consideration is given to what the world might look like at the time that you want to use your capital, or draw income from it. Then a portfolio is built today to take advantages of the likely changes – to the extent that they can be predicted – over the time frame ahead. In other words, it is forward looking, keeping an eye on the future and not just on the past.
More information on our approach to investment advice can be found on our website at http://www.spectrum-.com/investment_advice.html.
Because different investment themes, stories and strategies will be appropriate to different people at different stages of their lives, using a Lifestyle Investment Planning approach can be very powerful, as it provides the opportunity to check where you are today (in relation to your objective) and then to consider the investment ideas, stories and strategies that are likely to affect you. It is also very important that the portfolio is reviewed periodically, in effect, an ‘audit check’ to see if you are on target to reach your goal (for example, income during retirement). The easiest way to understand this concept is to start at the point of retirement and work backwards.
Income Portfolio – In retirement, we all need a decent and growing level of income. Professional income declines or stops entirely, as we enter the ‘spending only’ phase of our lives. Various strategies to maximize income and beat inflation should be adopted. It is also important to consider cash flow and not just to concentrate on short-term capital security. By necessity, some capital volatility may have to be tolerated to achieve the level of income required. In addition, as it is important to beat inflation over the longer term, some growth strategies should also be employed, with the aim of ensuring that the capital maintains its real purchasing power throughout your retirement years. Since people are living a lot longer, this could be a very long time.
Pre-Retirement Portfolio – Before reaching the income stage of life, but as you start to plan for retirement, the last thing you need is for your portfolio to fall in value just before you want to start to draw an income, as this can dramatically reduce the income that you can sensibly take, if you wish your capital to last through your retirement years. At this stage of life, it is likely that you will have accumulated the majority of your assets. Your income may still be high, but the timescale for taking advantage of investment opportunities is short. You may have even started planning things to do early on in your retirement, the first ten years often being the most expensive. You will probably be looking forward to having more time available for new hobbies and travel. During this phase capital protection is paramount and active management of the transition from growth to income will take place. Portfolios should include some deposit based accounts and funds with capital protection or defined/absolute returns.This may reduce investment returns but it substantially reduces the investment risk. Many investors fail to make this most important change within the last five years before retirement, often switching from pure growth portfolios to income at the point of retirement. If this happens to be at a time when the markets have fallen significantly, then the income available, and hence your lifestyle in retirement, could be dramatically affected. If you are further from retirement, have planned well and have a pension or savings fund available to you, you can consider the type of investments that may do well from now until the point at which your retire.
Consolidation Portfolio – If you are within fifteen years or so of retirement, you may not be comfortable with the idea of having your capital very exposed to the more volatile investment sectors. Your primary objective may be to beat inflation with lower volatility than during the accumulation stage, over a medium time scale.The types of strategies you may elect to use could be emerging market bonds, rather than emerging market equities; high yield bonds (with income reinvested) can also offer good returns currently, but with lower volatility than shares; and equity income offers a growing income stream, together with a good chance for capital appreciation. During this phase, you should also have a good ‘profit taking’ strategy, where profits are transferred into lower risk investments to help the transition to Pre-Retirement.
Accumulation Portfolio – If you are a very long way from retirement (say 20 to 30years), then you should consider the long term growth stories and invest in sectors such as infrastructure and consumer spending. Currently, there is a huge and increasing demand for commodities, which will continue to push up prices. The growth in emerging markets is changing the world order, such that mature western economies will be outpaced by burgeoning new ones. Volatility is likely to remain for some time, although at this stage of your life cycle, you have the timeframe to ride out the peaks and troughs of the investment markets. Again, you should employ a good profit taking strategy to further diversify your spread of investments.
For all of the above strategies, asset allocation is still very relevant and it is still vital to have a well-diversified portfolio invested across many asset classes. It is also important to have geographical and sector diversification within the asset classes used. However, in reality, this is insufficient; applying the stories and strategies is equally important. As a European expatriate, it is also important to overlay your whole portfolio with currency considerations and even have in place an agreed strategy to move, fore example, Sterling or USD investments into Euro investments, over time, to match future income liabilities.
Of course taking expert, qualified and regulated investment advice is very important to ensure you have the best ideas to secure your future lifestyle aspirations. Ongoing monitoring of portfolios is vital to correctly manage the changes explained above, over your lifetime. Sadly, I come across too many cases where people have never had their portfolios reviewed by the person or company that provided the initial investment advice and as a consequence, their objectives are not being met.
