By Jonathan Goodman This article is published on: 15th January 2015
15.01.15
Investment Smoothing
Investment Smoothing is a process used in pension fund accounting by which unusually high returns in a given year are spread over a multi-year period. By taking an average of all the different values, smoothing can deliver a constant figure for shorter time periods.
Instead of simply sharing out what the fund makes or loses each year, a smoothed growth fund aims to even out some of the variations in performance. This process is what we call ‘smoothing’.
How Smoothing Mitigates Volatility
The logic behind smoothing is that it lowers the volatility of profit and loss credit from pension fund returns. During positive markets, some profits are retained by the underlying fund manager as reserves to be paid out during market downturns. This process dampens the volatility typically seen when investing in other types of long term mutual funds.
Smoothing from the Pru
The PruFund funds are designed to deliver smoothed growth by investing in many different investment areas. By investing in a range of assets the fund is less exposed to significant changes in the values of individual assets.
Prudential’s investment specialists will constantly look for the best opportunities for growth within a wide range of investment areas. Prudential apply a unique smoothing process to these funds to provide a more stable return, than if you were directly exposed to daily changes in the fund’s performance.
Prudential Smoothing: Reduce investment volatility, but keep the potential for growth.
Risk – Simply a Box of Chocolates?
By Jonathan Goodman This article is published on: 7th January 2015
07.01.15
What is financial risk, and is it all down to chance?
Whether you are investing for your retirement or for more immediate financial needs, there are three factors that could keep you from achieving your goals: inflation, taxes, and risk. It is easy to plan for inflation and to reduce taxes, but risk is another matter as it is so unpredictable.
Types of financial risk to watch out for include:
Investment Specific Risk:
Risk that affects a very small number of assets.
Geopolitical Risk:
Risk of one country’s foreign policy unduly influencing or upsetting domestic political and social stability in another country or region.
Credit Risk:
Risk that a borrower will default on any type of debt by failing to make required payments.
Interest Rate Risk:
Risk that arises for bond owners from fluctuating interest rates. How much interest rate risk a bond has depends on how sensitive its price is to interest rate changes in the market.
Inflationary Risk:
The possibility that the value of assets or income will decrease as inflation shrinks the purchasing power of a currency.
Currency Risk:
Risk that stems from the changes in the valuation of currency exchanges. Fluctuations result from unpredictable gains and losses incurred when profits from foreign investments are converted from foreign currencies.
Volatility:
Risk of a change of price of a portfolio as a result of changes in the volatility of a risk factor. Usually applies to portfolios of derivatives instruments, where volatility is a major influencer of prices.
Liquidity Risk:
Risk that a given security or asset cannot be traded quickly enough in the market to prevent a loss (or make the required profit).
Diversification Risk:
Allocation of proportional risk to all parties to a contract, usually through a risk premium.
Leverage:
The use of various financial instruments or borrowed capital, such as margin, to increase the potential return of an investment.
Counterparty Risk:
The risk to each party of a contract that the counterparty will not live up to its contractual obligations.
Overcoming Risk: Prudential & Smoothing
Prudential Multi-Asset funds work by spreading your money across a number of different types of assets. Funds are designed to deliver smoothed growth through a number of investment options, such as company shares, fixed interest bonds, cash and property, balancing the risk being taken. So if one asset is falling in value, another may be increasing.
Risk: Simply a Box of Chocolates?
Understanding the importance of risk is a central pillar of financial planning. Risk can be measured and assessed; it can be managed. Learning how to do this is an invaluable aspect of becoming a successful investor.
Risk may be uncertain but it’s no box of chocolates. If you prepare for the uncertainty – do your research and seek relevant and informed advice – you can be fairly confident of what you’re going to get. It’s not all down to chance.
Saving for Retirement in Spain
By Chris Burke This article is published on: 28th December 2014
How do you save for retirement in Spain and what are the best options for expats?
These days there are quite a few choices on how to receive your pension as a British expat and, if you qualify for a UK state pension, you can claim it no matter where you live. The money can be paid into a UK bank or directly into an overseas account in the local currency. If you move to Spain before retirement and work there for a number of years, it may also be possible to receive a state pension from more than one country.
If you’ve qualified for a state pension from the UK, it will be paid (and taxed) in Spain but uprated every year in the same way as the UK. The personal tax allowance in Spain is €6,069 (£4,923) compared with £10,000 in the UK. The basic rate of tax is also higher, at around 24% compared to 20% in the UK. And in Spain there is no 25% tax free lump sum available when retiring, and any Isa’s you have in the UK will be liable for tax if you become resident in Spain.
A lot to consider…
Saving for Retirement: Tips
Plan Ahead: Pay off debts and take advantage of tax free personal allowances.
Do Your Homework: Before sitting down with an independent financial adviser, make sure you have a clear picture of your current finances and what you need to consider in order to achieve the lifestyle you want over the years ahead.
Consider Your Saving Options: The recent Budget announced radical changes to pension schemes – good news for savers. From April 2015, individuals may withdraw as much or as little from their pension fund in any year with 25 per cent being withdrawn free of tax.
Regularly Review Investment and Retirement Plans: Review your investment and retirement plans every six months to ensure any advice received is up to date and relevant.
Prudential: Flexible Savings for Retirement
The Prudential Flexible Retirement Plan gives access to a range of flexible retirement and investment solutions to suit your changing needs and priorities. Whether you are approaching retirement or some way off, the flexibility provides an easy transition from saving for retirement, through to approaching retirement and then taking an income.
Professional Advice for Expats
The earlier you get your financial planning in order, the better. Make a mistake with your pension, and you could end up paying for it for the rest of your life.
A pensions expert will be able to point you in the right direction. You will need to take Spanish rules into consideration, so taking advice from an adviser conversant with both UK and Spanish pension and tax rules is essential.
Finding a Financial Adviser in Barcelona
By Chris Burke This article is published on: 27th December 2014
The number of British people moving abroad is rising, with about one in 10 British people now living overseas.
Despite its obvious economic difficulties, Spain continues to be one of the most popular destinations for British expatriates, as the laid-back lifestyle and improved transport links with the UK gives it an allure that is hard to resist.
However, setting up residence in a Spanish city, such as Barcelona, involves a great deal of upheaval, both on a personal and practical level, and it’s a sad reality that expats can be particularly vulnerable to poor financial advice.
How to Choose a Financial Adviser
In practical terms, one of the most important things to get right as an expat is your finances, and having the right banking arrangements is a fundamental part of life overseas. Banking services should ideally meet at least two main criteria: flexibility (money should be easy to access and transfer between countries); and financial security (in a reputable bank that complies with international financial regulations and has a solid capital base).
But what other factors should you take into consideration when searching for a Financial Adviser in Barcelona?
Are they regulated? Do your research, visit websites, and confirm registration with the IFA before choosing an adviser.
Qualifications: Every nation has different rules relating to how qualified a financial adviser needs to be to gain authorisation, but the UK is a world leader in terms of required qualifications. So if you’re speaking to a British adviser abroad, you can gauge their industry education based on the British qualifications they have.
Experience: You can ask your adviser how long they’ve been qualified and giving advice, and you can research the brokerage to see how long they’ve been in business.
Are they independent? Ensure that your adviser is independent rather than tied to one financial institution, so that they are able to advise you on suitable products from the entire financial market place.
Testimonials: If your IFA is good at their job, they are highly likely to have a list of satisfied clients, from whom you can request a testimonial.
The Spectrum IFA Group
At The Spectrum IFA Group, we provide financial advice to expats on all aspects of living, moving and working in Spain. From calculating the cost of living to choosing a good school for your children, our guides to money management and family finances will help you prepare for the challenges of living and working abroad – so you can make the most of your expat experience.
We provide Insurance Intermediation advice and assist clients in their choice of Investment Management Institution. Mutual respect is earned by working together, looking after your best interests and by adding value to your financial planning through qualifications, experience and enthusiasm.
UK Pension Transfers – Update for Expats
By Chris Burke This article is published on: 24th December 2014
The rapidly changing landscape of pension schemes in the UK has led to a great deal of confusion, and it’s not just UK pensioners who are affected: the rule changes also impact expats living outside the UK, especially those considering the benefits of a Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme.
As an expat, it’s hard to know which route to take. Should you transfer to a QROPS or leave your pension in the UK? What are the benefits and drawbacks? What impact have recent changes had on your options?
Let’s look at the facts…
Reasons to transfer
● Pension Commencement Lump Sum of 30% of the fund. This is tax-free if UK resident but could be taxable if resident outside of the UK.
● No pension death tax, regardless of age, in Gibraltar and Malta
● Greater investment freedom, including a choice of currencies
● Retirement from age 50 (Malta), and 55 in Gibraltar and Isle of Man
● Income paid gross from Malta (with an effective DTT), and only 2.5% withholding tax in Gibraltar
● Removal of assets from the UK may help in establishing a Domicile outside of the UK (influences UK inheritance tax liability)
What will happen if you leave your personal pension in the UK
● On death over the age of 75, a tax of 45% on a lump sum pay-out.
● Income tax to be paid when receiving the pension, with up to 45% tax due, likely deducted at source,
● Registration with HMRC and the assignment of a tax code.
● Proposed removal of personal income pension allowance for non-residents. Although this is still on the agenda, it has been confirmed that there will be no change to non-residents’ entitlement to personal allowance until at least April 2017.
● Any amounts withdrawn will be moved into the client’s estate for IHT purposes, if this is retained and not spent.
● As the client will be able to have access to the funds as a lump sum, these could potentially be included as an asset for care home fees/bankruptcy etc.
● No opportunity to transfer from many Civil Service pension schemes from April 2015 (Only five months remain for public sector workers to review their pension and then make their own informed decision)
What Does All This Mean?
Regardless of the proposed legislation amendments, transferring to a QROPS still provides certain benefits that the UK equivalent would not be able to offer, although it’s fair to say that both still hold a valid place in expatriate financial planning. The answer to which pension is more suitable for you will ultimately depend on your individual circumstances and long term intentions.
Certainty and Predictability for your Investments
By Jonathan Goodman This article is published on: 1st December 2014
01.12.14
The PruFund range of funds are designed to spread investment risk by investing in a range of different assets, such as company shares, fixed interest bonds, cash and property – from both the UK and abroad.
Prufunds are managed by Prudential Portfolio Management Group Ltd (PMG), dedicated multi-asset fund managers with a team of over 30 economists, investment strategists, analysts and mathematicians, specialising in different areas of the investment world.
How PMG Manage Your Money
PMG believes that investment success should be built on clear philosophy, demonstrable processes and a team based approach. They believe that this will not only deliver superior returns, but also provide greater continuity and dependability.
They believe in the importance of asset allocation and the key role that multi-asset funds play as an investment solution for many investors. They also believe that asset allocation is a specialist skill which should, to avoid conflicts of interest, exist separately from the other investment activities in any fund.
PMG takes many factors into consideration when managing your money.
They focus on:
Minimising reliance on economic forecasting
Looking for irrational behaviour
Taking a long-term approach
Fund management
Asset-liability management
PruFund Growth Providing Smoothed Returns
PruFunds offer a unique smoothing process designed to help protect an investment from some of the daily ups and downs associated with direct investments, providing less volatile and more stable returns over the medium to long-term, in line with each fund’s objective and allowable equity parameters.
The Prudential PruFund smoothing process has two elements:
Expected Growth Rates (EGR) applicable to each of the funds, normally applied on a daily basis. The EGR is the annualised rate that is normally used to increase the value of your unit price each day, and they are set quarterly by the Prudential Directors having regard to the expected long-term investment return on the underlying assets of the funds.
Upwards and downwards pre-defined unit price adjustments are applied in line with fully transparent process requirements.
For more information on PMG and the PruFund range of funds or to contact one of our Financial Advisors to arrange a full financial review of your current situation please use the contact form below.
Do You Fear For Your Financial Future?
By Jonathan Goodman This article is published on: 24th November 2014
24.11.14
How do you choose your investments when you are an expatriate?
International investors face many choices, and taking personalised advice can be vital, especially in the current economic climate. With high inflation and record low interest rates, volatility, complexity, uncertainty and a huge amount of change sum up the current state of the global economy.
Picking the right investment opportunity with maximum return objectives can be a risky and complicated process, and mapping a financial strategy that enables you to better navigate these turbulent financial times is a must.
The International Prudence Bond (Spain)
The International Prudence Bond (Spain) is a medium to long term bond designed with the needs of international investors in mind. Tailored to each market and sold via professional Independent Financial Advisers, it allows access to a range of unit-linked investment funds with the aim of increasing the value of the money invested over the medium to long term.
The PruFund Range of Funds includes guarantee options where the choice of guarantee can be linked to the anticipated year of retirement. The funds utilise the asset allocation expertise of the Portfolio Management Group and offer a truly global investment perspective.
Benefits
Funds denominated in euros, sterling and US dollars
A minimum investment of only £20,000, €25,000 or $35,000
A minimum allocation rate of 100%
No set investment terms
Top-up facility from £15,000, €20,000 or $25,000
Cumulative allocate rate on top-ups
Flexible withdrawal options so clients can access funds when it suits them
PruFund Protected Funds guarantee
How Spectrum Can Help
Spectrum’s role is to provide Insurance Intermediation advice and to assist clients in their choice of Investment Management Institution. Our Financial Advisors can help you decide which investment opportunity is right for you.
For more information or to contact one of our Financial Advisors to arrange a full financial review of your current situation please use the contact form below.
Spectrum sponsor the Barcelona English Radio Party – 20th November
By Spectrum IFA This article is published on: 14th November 2014
The Spectrum IFA Group are delighted to be sponsoring the English Radio Party on 20th November, 2014.
By Barry Davys This article is published on: 12th November 2014
12.11.14
When David Beckham (Becks) came to Spain to play for Real Madrid in 2003, a special Spanish tax system was set up for him so he did not have to pay tax on his worldwide image rights. This system has been extended to people moving to Spain, although in an ironic twist, professional footballers will be excluded from the scheme from 1st January 2015.
Tax rates in Spain are falling with plans to reduce the top rate of tax in Spain from 51% (56% in Catalunya) to 47%. The top rate is however still very high. However, in a bid to attract high earners to Spain the law is being improved.
Why use the Beckham Law?
Well, the three benefits are as follows:
Flat rate income tax of 24% on Spanish earnings in Spain. If your income is derived from Spanish sources then the maximum rate you would pay will be 24% instead of normal rates up to 600,000€ pa. Above 600,000€ the tax rate is 45%. Here are some specific examples of the saving based on the 2015 Spanish Tax rates.
AnnualSalary €
Beckham Tax Rule Saving €
100,000
13,645 pa
150,000
26,495 pa
200,000
36,645 pa
250,000
48,145 pa
300,000
59,645 pa
400,000
82,645 pa
500,000
105,645 pa
600,000
128,645 pa
You are allowed to stay on the Becks rule for a maximum of 5 years. The total saving is therefore the figure above x 5. Your individual circumstances will dictate exactly how much saving you will acheive but the figures above are a good guide.
No capital gains tax to pay on any gains made outside Spain. This includes the sale of property, shares, etc. This point is especially important if you have a property to sell or a business to sell outside of Spain. As an example an owner of a technology company that sells the business for £20 Million whilst on the Beckham scheme will not pay Capital Gains tax in Spain nor in the UK if he/she does not return to the UK for 5 years.
The potential capital gains tax saving in this example could be £8 Million.
Only income obtained in Spain will be subject to Spanish taxation. As an example, bank interest earned from bank accounts outside Spain are not subject to Spanish Tax whilst you are on this method of taxation. Rental income from property outside of Spain is another example.
Beckham tax scheme rules
If you meet the following conditions you can reduce your tax by requesting to be taxed on a non resident basis under the Beckham rule:
If you have not been resident in Spain in the last 10 years.
If you apply for the “New” Beckham law within 6 months of arriving.
You must be resident in Spain. The main condition being living in Spain for 183 days a year.
The requirement for work to be primarily conducted in Spain has been reformed.
The requirement to work solely for a Spanish company has been reformed.
The reduced rate of taxation will apply for a maximum period of 5 years.
If you meet these criterias, you should consider using this method of taxation.
References:
SpainRoyal Decree 687/2005
Baker and McKenzie SLP, Acccountants, Spain
This information is intended as a guide only. A suitable qualified tax lawyer should always be used to calculate a specific liability. Legislation can be subject to change in the future.
Have you or someone you know had to pay Spanish non-resident inheritance tax since 2010?
By John Hayward This article is published on: 11th November 2014
11.11.14
Further to the judgment made by the European Union Court of Justice (ECJ) on 3rd September 2014, that Inheritance and Gift tax rules in Spain were discriminatory between residents and non-residents, several key firms of accountants and lawyers have implied that anyone who has been subject to the higher non-resident rates in the last 4 years could make a claim.
There has not been any formal approval by Spain but proposals are to treat those non-Spanish tax residents living in the European Union (EU) or the European Economic Area (EEA) as if they lived in one of the autonomous regions of Spain where tax rates tend to be heavily discounted. The region will be determined by where you have spent most time in the last two and a half years or by where the majority of your Spanish assets are situated if you live outside Spain.
Gifts outside the EU or EEA to a Spanish resident could be subject to the rules of the autonomous region where the recipient has his/her residency.
Although the changes have not yet been formally approved, lawyers are submitting tax returns on the basis that the qualifying non-resident will receive the tax advantages of the relevant autonomous region.
This will mean that, for example, children living outside Spain, inheriting from parents in Spain, will no longer have the much higher (generally) “National” Spanish taxes to pay. Parents will be able to gift property to their children without necessarily needing to make expensive tax avoidable arrangements.
However, not all autonomous regions are so generous with their discounts. Whereas Valencia offers very large discounts to all direct family members, Murcia, next door, only offers significant discounts to those under 21. Also, there are limits on discounts in most, if not all, regions and so they may not cover all of the assets. Therefore it is extremely important to have assets positioned in the most tax efficient manner. This needs to be legal as well.
How can we help?
1/ If you or someone you know has paid inheritance tax on money from an EU or EEA resident who has died in the last 4 years, you may be able to make a reclaim. We have lawyers who can help with this on a no win, no fee, basis. (We are not tax advisers)
2/ We are experienced in helping you arrange your finances in a Spanish tax compliant manner, helping you and your loved ones to reduce the impact of Spanish taxation.
